Ni Sham Astudillo

Bumuhos ang suporta sa mga inaresto sa Pride March sa Manila noong Hunyo 26. Nagtrend online ang #FreePride20 bilang panawagan na palayain ang LGBTQ advocates na lumahok sa mapayapang Pride March.

Hindi ito ang unang pagkakataong may inaresto sa gitna ng pandemya. Mula Norzagaray 6 hanggang Pride 20, ginamit ng pulis ang COVID-19 bilang dahilan ng pag-aresto sa karaniwang mamamayan. “Quarantine violators” daw ang mga ito — kahit na ang gusto lang naman ng mga ikinulong ay ang iparating ang mga kahilingan nila.

Partida, ayon sa human rights groups: wala pang Anti-Terrorism Bill pero maramihan at garapal na daw ang mga pag-atake. Tila ginagawa rin daw pangkaraniwan ang pagkriminalisa sa pagtututol at pagpapahayag.

Narito ang ilan sa mga kaso ng aresto sa gitna ng pandemya– mga kwento ng kulong imbes na tulong, pag-aresto imbes na pagalang sa karapatan:

Piston 6

Ipinag-utos ng Inter-Agency Task Force na bawal pumasada ang mga jeepney driver, pati na rin ang mga bus driver, sa panahon ng general community quarantine para raw maiwasan ang maramihang transmission ng virus. June 1, 2020, bumalik sa kalye ang mga driver para hilinging payagan na silang maka-pamasadang muli. Mabigat ang epekto ng halos tatlong buwan na lockdown sa mga driver dahil kawalan ng kita. Hindi rin sila nakatanggap ng ayuda mula sa pamahalaan, at kung meron man, hindi nakasasapat sa araw-araw na pangangailangan ng pamilya.

Matapos maglunsad ng protesta ang mga jeepney driver sa Caloocan City, ikinulong ang anim na driver dahil umano sa kasong “Simple Resistance and Disobedience to a Person in Authority”. Ikinatwiran ng kapulisan na nilabag ng mga driver ang social distancing protocols at ban sa mass gathering nang ilunsad nila ang noise barrage.

Tinaguriang Piston 6 sina Severino Ramos, Wilson Ramilia, Ramon Paloma, Ruben Baylon, Arsenio Ymas Jr., at Elmer Cordero. Isang linggong nakapiit ang Piston 6 bago sila nakalaya sa bisa ng piyansa.

Bumuhos ang suporta sa Piston 6 lalo na mula sa mga netizen. Ayon sa grupong PISTON, may ilang nag-donate ng halagang Php 30 at Php 50 at humingi pa ng paumanhin dahil iyon lamang raw ang nakayanan nila. Bukod sa gastos sa pag-aasikaso ng kaso ng Piston 6, ilalaan ang mga donasyon para makapagbigay ng relief packs sa mga driver na nawalan ng kabuhayan habang hindi pa pinapayagang magbalik-pasada ang mga jeep.

Pangamba ng mga drayber, maaaring maging permanente ang pagbabawal ng IATF sa pamamasada ng mga jeepney, at mailusot ang matagal ang planong jeepney phaseout sa gitna ng pandemya. Matagal nang tinututulan ng maraming driver ang jeepney phaseout dahil papatayin nito ang kabuhayan ng mga karaniwang driver. Tanging may-kaya lang ang makakabili ng “modernized jeep” dahil nagkakahalaga ng Php 1 milyon ang isang unit.

Kapag nangyari ito, ayon sa mga drayber, hindi raw sila mamamatay sa COVID-19 kundi sa gutom mula sa pagkawala ng kabuhayan. Tinatayang mayroong 120,000 jeepney drivers sa buong bansa, at 50,000 dito ang nasa Metro Manila.

Cebu 8

Sinalubong ng mainit na protesta sa buong bansa ang Anti-Terror Bill ng Duterte administration. Sa Cebu, pinangunahan ng mga kabataan ang protesta sa UP Cebu. Kita sa mga litrato na sinunod ng mga grupo ang physical distancing pero ilang minuto nang magsimula ang programa, sumugod ang kapulisan na naka-full battle gear inaresto ang mga nagpo-protesta. Hinabol sila na parang kriminal hanggang sa loob ng campus ng UP Cebu, na labag sa Soto-Enrile accord na nagbabawal sa pulis at militar sa loob ng UP campuses.

Kasama sa inaresto si Jaime Paglinawan, chairperson ng Alyansa sa mga Mamumuo sa Sugbo-Kilusang Mayo Uno, na pinadapa at dinaganan ng dalawang pulis kahit dumadaing na siya na nasasaktan at hindi makahinga.

Bukod kay Paglinawan, inaresto rin si Joahana Veloso ng National Union of Students of the Philippines, UP alumnus Al Ingking, Bern Cañedo ng Youth Act Now Against Tyranny, Dyan Gumanao ng Kabataan Partylist at ANINAW Productions, Nar Porlas ng Anakbayan-UP Cebu at Janry Ubral ng Foods Not Bombs. Kabilang rin sa naaresto ang isang bystander na kumukuha lamang ng video ng nangyayari at hindi kasama sa protesta.

Habang nagaganap ang marahas na dispersal at pang-aaresto ay lumitaw sa social media ang video ng mass gathering sa Metropolitan Cebu Water District na ipinatawag ni Cebu City Mayor Edgardo Labella na nagdiriwang ng kanyang kaarawan noong araw na iyon. Itinanggi ng mga opisyal isang party ito, at sa halip ay meeting daw ng mga opisyales ng barangay. Mismong ang Association of Barangay Councils ng Cebu City ay nagtaka dahil nalaman lang nila ang pagtitipon matapos makita ang video sa social media.

Hindi rin naging ligtas sa harassment ang pamilya ng isa sa Cebu 8. Pinuntahan ng dalawang kalalakiha ang bahay ni para kausapin ang pamilya, at sinabihan diumano na “Badlonga na ninyo kay sa sunod niyo mahibaw’an naa nana siya sa kabaong (Pagsabihan ninyo siya kasi baka sa kabaong na siya makikita sa susunod).” Lumaganap din ang mga death at rape threats sa mga nagpahayag ng pagtutol sa Anti-Terror Bill.

Ipinalaya ng korte ang Cebu 8, pero itutuloy pa rin ang pagdinig sa mga kaso laban sa kanila.

Iloilo 42, Marikina 10 at iba pang inaresto noong Mayo Uno

Bilang pagkundena sa pagpaslang sa kilalang aktibistang si Jory Porquia, naglunsad ng protesta ang mga kamag-anak at kaibigan niya Porquia sa Iloilo City. Pero ang tugon ng PNP sa Iloilo ay ang pag-aresto sa 42 aktibista dahil nilabag nila diumano ang ban sa mass gatherings sa gitna ng lockdown. Kabilang sa inaresto si Krisma Niña Porquia, isa sa mga anak ni Jory Porquia. Pati pari, abogado, at journalists ay inaresto ng mga kapulisan noong araw na iyon.

Ang pag-aresto sa Iloilo 42 ay kabilang sa mga mass arrest na inilunsad ng PNP sa buong bansa noong May 1, Pandaigdigang Araw ng Paggawa. Sampu rin ang inaresto sa Marikina kahit na naglulunsad lang sila feeding program. Dalawang lider-manggagawa ang inaresto sa Montalban, Rizal na nagpo-protesta bilang pag-alala sa Labor Day. Inaresto rin ang mga manggagawa ng Coca-Cola sa Laguna sa hindi malinaw na kaso– basta’t binansagan silang mga kasapi raw ng New People’s Army.

‘Quarantine violators’

Ayon sa ulat ng Philippine National Police, aabot sa 130,000 katao ang inaresto at ikinulong dahil sa quarantine violations noong Abril 2020. Ang mga hinuli ay sumailalim sa iba’t-ibang porma ng tortyur kabilang na ang ibinilad sa araw, pinaupo at pinahiga sa kabaong, pinagsayaw ng malaswa, pwersahang pinaghalik ang mga LGBT, ipinasok sa loob ng gulong ng truck at pinagulong, pinalo, pinaluhod, pinaghubad, ginugutom, pinapatay.

Tampok na biktima ng karahasan ng kapulisan sa panahon ng lockdown si Winston Ragos, ang retiradong sundalo na binaril at pinatay sa isang checkpoint sa Quezon City. Si Michael Rubuia, ang fish vendor sa South Triangle, Quezon City, ay sinaktan at kinaladkad hanggang dalhin sa presinto dahil umano wala siyang face mask. Inaresto rin ang isa pang fish vendor na si Mang Dodong sa Caloocan dahil wala siyang quarantine pass nang lumabas ito ng bahay para maghanap ng makakain ng kanyang pamilya. Labingdalawang araw siyang nakakulong hanggang sa makapag-pyansa sa tulong ng mga taong simbahan sa Caloocan.

Masaklap ang karanasan ng taumbayan sa nagdaang mga buwan. Ang mga dati’y naghahanap-buhay ng marangal ay itinulak sa lansangan para mamalimos at makipagsapalaran laban sa aresto at tortyur — kapalit ng maihahain sa mesa.

Hindi pa kasama sa mga kwentong ito ang mga pagdukot at pag-aresto sa mga magsasaka, Lumad, at mga aktibista sa labas ng mga syudad. O ang mga kritikong nagpost ng kritisismo sa social media at tinugis ng pulis. Ang ganitong kalagayan, ayon sa human rights advocates,  ay titindi pa sa pagpasa ng Anti-Terrorism Bill kunsaan hindi lang kulong ang magiging laganap kundi ang iba’t ibang abuso.

Pero gaya ng ginawang paghamon ng mamamayan sa mga restriksyon ng pandemya, tiyak na paglaban din ang magiging tugon ng taumbayan sa pinipilit na lockdown ng estado sa ating mga karapatan at kalayaan.

The post Kulong bilang tugon appeared first on AlterMidya.

“We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.” -Albert Einstein

There seems to be a strong presumption that the ultimate answer to the COVID-19 pandemic is a vaccine. People are made to believe that a magical vaccine is in the offing and the world will be saved from the pandemic. Bill Gates and Big Pharma push hard to hasten vaccine development. The World Health Organization and most governments easily agree. Rapid clinical trials have started and several companies are in the race to put their candidate products on the market. The mainstream media is all hype and bombards the public with glowing pro-vaccine messages, conditioning them to accept vaccination with no questions asked.

The reductionist thinking behind the vaccination dogma is woefully outmoded. It is more than a century old, coincident with the equally outmoded reductionist germ theory of disease, first proposed by Louis Pasteur in the late 19th century, which says that certain diseases, mainly infectious diseases, are caused by the invasion of the body by microorganisms, too small to be seen by the naked eye. At that time, there was barely an understanding of the infinitely complex nature and behaviour of the immune system; interrelationships of humans, microbes and environment; social determinants and other factors. There was no realization that viruses and other microbes are largely friends and have been playing a significant role in the evolution and survival of all life forms in our entire ecosystem. ^{1 2}

Microbes and their elements are in fact essential components of the human biological entity and perform critical physiologic functions that maintain homeostasis and a robust immune system. ^{3 4} Rather than cultivating harmony and co-existence, however, the power elite institutions and their agents have declared these microbes as mortal enemies that deserve to be eliminated. The prevailing medical paradigm fails to recognize that illness is in fact a disruption of the harmony between humans and their physical, chemical, biological, spiritual and social environment ⁵.

Mainstream medicine and official bodies uniformly extol the virtues of vaccination. People are left
with the impression that before the introduction of vaccines, there were rampant microbial plagues
that killed scores of people and that, because of vaccines, these microbes were largely
controlled and eliminated. Independent analysis of scientific data however shows this often-repeated mantra that vaccines were key in the decline of infectious disease deaths is a fallacy. Deaths had decreased massively before vaccinations, mainly due to improvements in socio-economic and environmental conditions and advances in public health measures. Infectious diseases were mostly benign, managed efficiently by our body’s natural immune system and conferred protection from subsequent infections and even protection from other non-infectious illnesses. Epidemics and massive deaths occurred mainly because of man-made severe disruption of our balanced relationship with our environment.

Historical and scientific evidence also clearly show that vaccines are not the saviours that they are purported to be. In fact, many of the mass vaccination campaigns in the past resulted in disastrous results. For example, in the Philippines, in 1918, The US occupying army implemented forced mass vaccination of smallpox when no epidemic was brewing, which resulted to 16,477 deaths out of 47,369 cases of smallpox, most of them vaccinated. ⁶ In Japan, official records from 1892 to 1897 show that mass vaccination resulted to 41,946 cases of smallpox with 12,276 deaths—a mortality rate of 32 per cent, nearly twice that from smallpox previous to the vaccination. In England and Wales, between 1934 and 1961, not one death from natural smallpox infection was recorded, and yet during this same period, 115 children under 5 years of age died as a result of the smallpox vaccination.⁷ The situation was just as bad in the USA where 300 children died from the complications of smallpox vaccine from 1948 to 1969. Yet during that same period there was not one reported case of smallpox in the country⁸.

Similar disastrous results also happened with the polio vaccine. The majority of polio cases actually do not cause symptoms in those who are infected. Symptoms occur in only approximately 5 percent of
infections⁹ with a case fatality rate of only about 0.4%. Even during the peak epidemics, poliovirus infection resulting in long-term paralysis was a low-incidence disease that was falsely represented as a rampant and violent paralytic disease by advertising campaigns to fast track the approval and release of the Salk vaccine with Rockefeller as the key supporter¹⁰. The hasty approval led to the infamous “Cutter disaster,” the poliomyelitis epidemic that was initiated by the use of the Salk vaccine produced by Cutter vaccine company. In the end, at least 220,000 people were infected with the live polio virus contained in the Cutter vaccine. Seventy five percent of Cutter’s victims were paralyzed for the rest of their lives¹¹. When national immunization campaigns were initiated in the 1950s, the number of reported cases of polio following mass inoculations with the killed-virus vaccine was significantly greater than before mass inoculations and may have more than doubled in the US as a whole¹².

Over the years, several scientists and concerned medical doctors and professionals have questioned the efficacy of several vaccines and have warned repeatedly on the significant risks associated with vaccination.^{13 14 15 16} Despite the fact that vaccines do stimulate the production of specific antibodies, vaccines may in fact be destroying the coordinated and total immune system response to an infection, contrary to what has been claimed that vaccines strengthen the immune system. Several studies have shown the adverse effects of various types of vaccines on the immune system of vaccinated individuals, and clinical studies have shown an increase in the incidence of serious illnesses following vaccination. Many of these illnesses may manifest only much later and by then, the vaccine may not even be suspected as a causative factor.^{17 18 19 20 21}

More distressing is the fact that authorities often knew about the significant adverse effects of vaccines. But instead of correcting their flawed assessment of vaccine safety, they manipulate results to conform to their predetermined conclusion of safety. An illustrative example is what happened at the US Center for Disease Control (CDC) Simpsonwood Conference, where a study by Verstraeten and colleagues that looked at the potential associations between neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and thimerosal among children born from 1992 to 1999 was discussed. Thimerosal appeared to be responsible for a dramatic increase in neurological disorders among children, such as speech delays, attention-deficit disorder, hyperactivity and autism. But instead of taking immediate steps to alert the public and rid the vaccine supply of thimerosal, the CDC opted to cover up the damaging data.²² A congressional committee hearing later concluded, among others, that manufacturers of vaccines and thimerosal, “have never conducted adequate testing on the safety of thimerosal,” and that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the CDC “failed in their duty to be vigilant as new vaccines containing thimerosal were approved and added to the immunization schedule.”²³

The Dengvaxia vaccine fiasco in the Philippines also illustrates the danger of rushing a vaccine and allowing corporate interests driven by market forces to address people’s health needs. As a result, many of the vaccinated suffered or died after a botched mass vaccination program.²⁴ The vaccine was eventually withdrawn but the damage have already been done. According to the Chief Pathologist of the Public Attorney’s Office, 153 of those vaccinated with Dengvaxia had died as of February 18, 2020.²⁵

Another example of corporate misconduct in vaccine clinical trial is that involving vaccine manufacturers who used phony placebos to conceal a wide range of health risks associated with HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) vaccines. A peer-reviewed report in 2017 unveiled evidence of numerous adverse events, including life-threatening injuries, permanent disabilities, hospitalizations and deaths, reported after vaccination with bivalent, quadrivalent or nine-valent HPV vaccines. Instead of using genuine inert placebos and comparing health impacts over observation periods required for most new drug approvals, two of the biggest vaccine manufacturers spiked their placebos with a neurotoxic aluminum adjuvant and cut observation periods. The company scientists routinely dismissed, minimized or concealed those injuries using statistical gimmicks and invalid comparisons designed to diminish their relative significance. Equally disturbing is that some regulatory agencies are complicit in covering up increased incidence of adverse effects in post-marketing surveillance studies.^{26 27}

Safety have never been satisfactorily demonstrated for practically all vaccines routinely given today using the gold standard research methodology, a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial study. Current safety assessments under the corporate dominated status quo are grossly inadequate and oftentimes erroneous. In fact, it can be argued that most clinical trials undertaken in support of approved vaccines are violative of the ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects as stipulated in the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.²⁸ In the US, there is not a single vaccine routinely injected into American babies between 6 months and 18 months of life that was licensed based on a clinical trial which included a placebo-control group.²⁹ The same situation is most likely true for the Philippines and many other countries who follow the vaccination schedule recommended by the US CDC and WHO.

The truth about the hazards of vaccination seem to have been buried in the past. The bitter lessons of history fall by the wayside in the mad rush to develop a new vaccine, this time for the COVID-19 virus. Barely a few months after the presumed discovery of the new virus, clinical trials have already started³⁰, too fast for comfort. Vaccine development normally takes about two years before the vaccine can be ready for testing in humans and another eight years before clinical trials can be completed. Despite the rigorous requirements, numerous problems still arise regarding safety and efficacy. During the 2002-2003 SARS outbreak, it took about 20 months before a vaccine was made ready for human testing in clinical trials. Some researchers, including many of the experts who gathered at a WHO meeting to review testing procedures at that time said it was too fast. Eventually, the outbreak died down naturally, most likely because of relatively low infectivity of the virus compared to COVID-19, the innate resilience of humans to infections, public health measures and yet unclear environmental factors. The manufacturers stopped vaccine development because they no longer see profitability. The concerns about safety was left unresolved. Among many other concerns, still in question was the best animal to use to test the safety and efficacy of a SARS or similar vaccine since without a good animal test, human trials could be dangerous.

Last May 18, Moderna, the Gates and US government supported vaccine company, claimed that their experimental COVID-19 vaccine had positive early results and that the company’s vaccine could be available to the public as early as January 2021. However, Moderna did not mention that 3 of the 15 human volunteers in the high dose group suffered a “serious adverse event” within 43 days of receiving Moderna’s vaccine. Moderna did not release its clinical trial study or raw data, but acknowledged that three volunteers developed Grade 3 systemic events, defined by the FDA as “preventing daily activity and requiring medical intervention.” These outcomes are certainly not encouraging, especially because the most hazardous hurdle for the inoculation is still ahead, i.e., when vaccinees are challenged with wild COVID-19 infection. Past attempts at developing coronavirus and other vaccines have always faltered at this stage, as both humans and animals which achieved robust antibody response then sickened and died when exposed to the wild virus. The Moderna vaccine trial also allowed only exceptionally healthy volunteers to participate, which does not reflect the true situation where many potential vaccine recipients have immune dysfunctions and are more susceptible to adverse effects for various reasons, including co-morbidities. Another anomaly not disclosed to the public is that the normally required animal safety studies, usually in ferrets and primates as was done in the failed attempt to develop SARS 1 vaccine, have been waived under the pressure of the pro-vaccine lobby.^{31 32 33} In an interview with CNN, Dr. Tal Zaks, Moderna’s chief medical officer, admitted that since it’s not yet clear whether natural infection with COVID-19 confers immunity to re-infection, it’s also not yet clear whether vaccination confers immunity. “The truth is, we don’t know that yet…We are going to have to conduct formal efficacy trials where you vaccinate many, many people, and then you monitor them in the ensuing months to make sure they don’t get sick,” Zaks said.³⁴

One worrisome difficulty in vaccine development, and COVID-19 vaccine is no exception, is how to get around the danger that the vaccine might actually “enhance” the pathogenicity of the virus, or make it more aggressive possibly due to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), as what happened with previous studies on test vaccines in animals. If that should happen in a major human trial, the outcome could be disastrous.^{35 36 37 38}

There are many plausible biological mechanisms for potential adverse effects due to vaccination. Triggering an antibody dependent enhancement or similar mechanism is just one. Synergistic harmful effects, especially to the immune system, due to concomitant exposure to other vaccines is another. Exposure to other environmental hazards (pesticides, air pollutants, 5G radiation, ionizing radiation, etc.) resulting to synergistic adverse effects is also another plausible mechanism that may result in acute or long-term injury. Another concern is that vaccine production methods involving genetic engineering technology and cell cultures that are often contaminated carry uncertain but potentially serious hazards. The inherent danger of injecting microbial protein fragments, contaminants, DNA and other foreign materials into the human body is well documented in the scientific literature. Quite recently, a team of scientists found significant amounts of organic and inorganic contaminants debris in 44 types of vaccines, including micro-and nano-sized particulate matter composed of inorganic chemicals, metals and combination elements not previously known and which are neither biocompatible nor biodegradable.³⁹ All vaccines contain such hazardous foreign fragments and materials and are unavoidably unsafe because they can never really duplicate exactly natural immunity.

The only thing vaccines can hope to do is to minimize the hazards enough to outweigh the potential benefits. This might be possible in certain circumstances (e.g. in certain cases of potential rabies infection) where a truly independent risk assessment show that the vaccine can tilt the balance in favor of benefits over the risk of death or serious harm. However, in most cases, authorities have consistently covered-up the truth about the adverse effects of vaccination and have greatly exaggerated potential benefits. Independent scientists and physicians who question the official narrative about vaccines are immediately vilified and persecuted. Victims of vaccination are denied recognition and justice. Pharmaceutical companies and their cohorts are made unaccountable and continue to profit from the sales of harmful vaccines. The industry dominated research agenda deliberately avoids looking at the true picture of vaccine efficacy and safety by avoiding studies of such nature that would really test the safety and efficacy of the entire immunization schedule. The question of safety, however, should be foremost in the minds of program implementors, policy makers and those who influence them, including international organizations. It is unacceptable on both ethical and scientific grounds to rush a potentially dangerous invasive intervention on the population no matter how good the intentions are.

We must take a more rational, holistic and participatory approach in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. A knee-jerk, reductionist, autocratic and vested-interest laden solution does not serve people’s health and only aggravate the dire situation. It is essential that the true origin and characteristics of the COVID-19 virus be studied well. Unless the origin of the virus is conclusively established, whether it was indeed man-made and genetically engineered in a biodefense laboratory or emerged naturally from animal reservoirs without human intervention, it would not be possible to determine precisely its real identity, characteristics and behaviour. Consequently, management options would likely be misdirected, imprecise and prone to errors and based on flawed assumptions (e.g. that a vaccine is the only real solution). Benefits are magnified while risks are trivialized.

But in the assessment of risks, the precautionary principle should always be the norm. Resources must also be spent on community-based, public health participatory approaches in pandemic control, which are much more rational and much less dangerous than haphazard lockdowns and expensive vaccination programs. Comprehensive measures to effectively address social inequity, poverty and poor diet—the main factors that compromise the immune system and make people susceptible to severe COVID-19 disease—must be earnestly pursued. Environmental toxins, pharmaceuticals and other factors that also compromise the immune system and the capacity of the people to withstand the infection must also be addressed. Alternative medicine approaches, including expanded research in the management of cases must also be seriously considered. For example, there is a good body of supporting evidence to merit serious consideration of botanical antivirals and Vitamin C in the management of cases but these are immediately dismissed by mainstream western medicine in favor of experimental, expensive and potentially more hazardous synthetic drugs of Big Pharma. Other alternative medicine modalities such as homeopathy and various types of oriental medicine modalities are also promptly rejected as quackery by mainstream medicine without being given the opportunity to undergo a truly independent validation process.

The real cause of the COVID-19 pandemic is human folly. This is the inevitable consequence of the dominance of a neoliberal, national security state doctrine with a military-industrial complex pushing for perpetual war and corporate globalization that has devastated entire ecosystems, distorted medical science and disempowered communities. What is called for is discernment, rationality, courage and empowerment. The real solution is for the people to unite and muster the courage to confront cognitive dissonance and attain emancipative consonance. For health professionals, acclaimed heroes as they are in valiantly trying to save people drowning down the pandemic river, they must start looking upriver and find out who is throwing those unfortunate people into the pandemic river in the first place.

If a problem we encounter today already happened in the past, we must think carefully about what really happened in the past and go beyond what we were made to believe. Only when we truly understand the problem can we come up with the correct solution to the problem at hand.

Dr. Romeo F. Quijano is a former professor at the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, UP College of Medicine.

DISCLAIMER: The column is submitted by Dr. Romeo Quijano and does not reflect the views of Altermidya Network as an organization.

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